TSMC’s Kumamoto operation is a key part of Japan’s effort to expand semiconductor supply capacity. Its first fab began volume production at the end of 2024, while the second fab is under construction. Plans for Fab 2 have shifted from 12/6nm-class technology toward 3nm, reflecting stronger demand for AI-related chips.
This article explains the status of JASM (Japan Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing), its two Kumamoto fabs, process technology plans, investors and local impact, using official disclosures as the primary source.
TSMC Kumamoto fabs at a glance
| Item | Fab 1 | Fab 2 |
|---|---|---|
| Operator | JASM | JASM |
| Status | In operation | Under construction |
| Construction start | April 2022 | October 2025 |
| Target start-up | December 2024 | Expected by the end of 2027 |
| Process technology | 22/28nm and 12/16nm | Originally 12/6nm; intention announced to change to 3nm |
| Main focus | Automotive, industrial and consumer applications | Demand including AI and high-performance computing |
Why Fab 2 matters
Plan to use 3nm technology
TSMC’s 2025 annual report says that the company plans to use 3nm process technology at JASM’s second fab in Kumamoto. A Kumamoto Prefecture document also notes an intention to change the plan from 12/6nm to 3nm.
3nm is a leading-edge process used where high performance and energy efficiency are important, including AI, high-performance computing and smartphones. TSMC has not publicly disclosed the individual customers, products or exact high-volume production schedule for Kumamoto Fab 2. Confirmed facts and future plans should therefore be clearly distinguished.
Impact on Japan’s semiconductor supply chain
JASM is backed by TSMC, Sony Semiconductor Solutions, Denso and Toyota Motor. The expansion is significant for Japan’s automotive, electronics, semiconductor equipment and materials industries, affecting procurement, engineering collaboration and talent development.
Investors and their roles
- TSMC: Majority owner and the core provider of manufacturing technology and operating know-how.
- Sony Semiconductor Solutions: Connects the project with Japan’s electronics-component ecosystem.
- Denso: Supports a stronger foundation for automotive semiconductor supply.
- Toyota Motor: Joined the investment for the second-fab project.
Changes in Kumamoto
New fabs can bring jobs and industrial investment, but also place pressure on transport, labour availability, groundwater and industrial-water infrastructure. Kumamoto Prefecture is addressing semiconductor-industry attraction, workforce development, congestion and groundwater conservation together.
FAQ
What does TSMC’s first Kumamoto fab produce?
Fab 1 manufactures semiconductors using 22/28nm and 12/16nm process technologies, mainly for automotive, industrial and consumer applications.
When will Kumamoto Fab 2 start operating?
A Kumamoto Prefecture document lists the end of 2027 as the expected start-up. Check later official announcements for the high-volume production schedule.
Is the move to 3nm final?
TSMC’s annual report presents a plan to use 3nm at Fab 2, and the prefecture document records the announced intention to revise the plan. Details of equipment installation and volume production remain subject to future disclosures.
Related articles
- TSMC Kumamoto officially starts construction of its second plant and expands to mass production of 6nm
- TSMC Kumamoto Plant 2 considers revision of advanced production plans
Sources
- TSMC 2025 Annual Report
- Kumamoto Prefecture: JASM Fab 1 and Fab 2 update
- Sony Semiconductor Solutions: JASM Fab 2 construction
Last reviewed: July 2026. Plans, process technologies and schedules may change.
